What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is often called the silent thief of sight. It can slowly erode your peripheral vision. You might not see any loss of vision until the disease is in its late stage. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in the United States. More than 3 million Americans have the disease.

Glaucoma is a complex eye disease caused by several factors. By definition, it is damage to the optic nerve. In medical terms, it is an optic neuropathy. It results in loss of the visual field as it progresses. Nowadays, it can sometimes be detected even before there is any loss of peripheral vision. In many cases, there is increased pressure inside the eye, known as increased intraocular pressure (IOP). However, some people with glaucoma will have a “normal” IOP.

In reality, there isn’t a certain level of eye pressure that causes glaucoma or protects one from the disease. In short, glaucoma can happen at any level of intraocular pressure. So again, there is no such thing as a normal eye pressure.

Early diagnosis and early treatment of glaucoma is important. Examination of the optic nerve head is one of the most important steps in determining if someone is at risk for the disease. If the eye pressure is on the higher side (greater than 21) or if the optic nerve head displays nerve damage, that is when special examination or testing will be recommended. It is critically important to stop damage to the eye’s optic nerve and prevent vision loss.

What Are The Different Types of Glaucoma?

Open-Angle Glaucoma

Open-angle glaucoma, also known as wide-angle glaucoma, is the most common type of glaucoma. In this condition, the eye’s drainage system looks open. However, the fluid in the eye does not flow well through this drainage system. Most of the time, the problem happens at the level of the trabecular meshwork. The eye pressure can be high or “normal”. When the IOP is “normal”, it is called normal-tension or low-tension glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is split into 2 different sub-types:

• Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The exam shows no additional abnormal findings
• Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Includes pigmentary glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma

Angle-Closure Glaucoma

Also known as acute or chronic angle-closure or narrow-angle glaucoma, this is a less common form of glaucoma. It can result in a rapid buildup of pressure and a subsequent rise in the IOP. Severe pain and rapid vision loss may occur. This is a medical emergency.

Drainage can be bad if the angle where the iris and the cornea meet is too narrow. This angle is where the eye’s drainage channel, Schlemm’s canal, is found. If the pupil opens very wide or the lens gets thick from a cataract, it can also narrow the angle. That is why this condition become more common as we age. It becomes hard for fluid to flow the angle and into the channel. When this happens, your doctor will treat it with a laser procedure called YAG laser iridotomy. Dr. Jones performs this procedure for patients on Fridays.

Laser Iridotomy For Narrow Angles Or Angle-Closure

Hearing that you may need a laser procedure can provoke intense anxiety. First, iridotomy is a common treatment for people with narrow-angles or those experiencing intermittent or full angle closure. In this procedure, a small hole is made in the periphery of the iris using a laser. This hole allows aqueous fluid or aqueous humor, to flow easily between the back and front parts of the eye. This allows the iris to lay flat and prevents angle closure. If the angle has closed and the IOP has risen, it helps open the angle and lower IOP.

In reality, doctors perform more iridotomies as a way to prevent more serious issues for patients with narrow angles. Acute angle closure is an emergency and initially, many of these cases show up at emergency rooms as opposed to eye clinics. Either way, an iridotmy is necessary, and the process is usually quick and done in the office. Most people recover rapidly and can usually return to normal activities immediately after the laser treatment.

 Who Should Be Checked?

It is important to see your eye doctor for at certain time points over your lifetime. You should have your eyes tested:

• Before age 40 – every two to four years.
• From age 40 to age 54 – every one to three years.
• From age 55 to 64, – every one to two years.
• After age 65, every six to 12 months.

The number of times you should get your eyes checked depends on your unique situation. This can only be determined after your eyes examined by an ophthalmologist. If you have multiple risk factors, you should get checked every 1-2 years after you turn 35.

Congenital Glaucoma In Infants

Congenital glaucoma is a rare but serious problem that affects babies. It usually occurs at birth or in the first few years. This sub-type occurs when the eye’s drainage system does not develop properly while the baby is growing in the womb. If it is not treated, congenital glaucoma can cause vision loss and other issues. Early detection and quick treatment are very important to protect the baby’s vision and stop long-term harm. Signs of the disease includes enlargement of the eyes themselves and chronic tearing. If your baby is found to have this disease, surgery if often necessary to prevent blindness.

Is Glaucoma Hereditary?

We just discussed congenital disease. This means that it is present at birth. On the other hand, diseases that are hereditary run in families. Glaucoma is a hereditary disease. In fact, people with first degree relatives (mother, father, brother, or sister) may be at greater risk of developing it.

Having certain genes is a big risk factor. This is especially true for African-Americans, Hispanics, and anyone with a family history. Knowing that glaucoma can be hereditary helps with early detection. It also allows for proactive strategies to protect vision and prevent optic nerve damage. For those at risk, regular eye exams are very important for timely help.

How Dangerous Is This Disease?

Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that can lead to vision loss if left untreated. However, with early detection and proper treatment such as eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery, the progression of the disease can be slowed or halted, reducing the risk of irreversible blindness.

Introduction To Risk Factors

Glaucoma has several risk factors. These include high intraocular pressure, damage to the optic nerve, and problems draining aqueous humor. Some factors that increase the risk are age, family history, and being from certain ethnic groups. African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians have a higher chance of getting this condition. People who had eye injuries or used corticosteroids over long periods of time are also at greater risk. It is important to know these causes to identify those who may need early detection and management.

Groups At Highest Risk Include:

African-Americans

African Americans have a higher risk than other groups. Research shows they are around 5x’s more likely to develop the disease. They often get diagnosed in their 40s, which is younger than other populations. This higher risk may come from different reasons. It could be linked to genetic factors, a greater rate of high blood pressure and diabetes, and less access to eye care specialists. Specifically, African Americans are more likely to have the primary open-angle sub-type, which is hereditary and the most common form of the disease.

The disease can get worse without obvious signs. That’s why it’s important to detect it early. African Americans should get detailed eye exams starting at age 40. If there are first-degree relatives with the disease, it’s a good idea to start these exams even sooner.

People Over Age 60

People who are older than 60 have a much higher chance of getting the disease. As we grow older, the chance of getting primary open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure increases. The increased risk that comes about from aging can be due to the fact that the eye’s drainage system is aging and may start to malfunction. When this happens, it can raise intraocular pressure, one of the major risk factors for developing the disease.

It is important to see an ophthalmologist after age 60. Glaucoma usually does not show any obvious signs until a lot of vision loss has happened. This makes early detection with regular screenings vital.

People With A Family History Of Glaucoma

People who have a family history of glaucoma are much more likely to develop it themselves. This is especially true for primary open-angle glaucoma, which often appears in families. If a close family member, like a parent or sibling, has glaucoma, your risk of getting it is four to nine times greater than someone who does not have close relatives with the disease.

This genetic connection shows how important it is to have regular eye check-ups. This is very important for people with a family history of eye problems. Finding glaucoma early is key because it can develop without any signs. Quick action can help keep vision safe from more harm.

Hispanics (Especially Older Age Groups)

Hispanics have a higher chance of getting the disease, especially as they grow older. Research shows that people of Hispanic background are more likely to develop the open-angle sub-type–the most common form. This risk increases significantly after the age of 60. That’s why regular eye examinations are very important for early detection and treatment.

Glaucoma usually gets worse without obvious symptoms until a lot of vision is lost or the central vision is affected. Because of this high risk, it’s important for Hispanics to focus on regular eye care. Finding and treating the disease early can help keep your vision and stop continuing damage.

Asians

Asians have a higher risk for the angle-closure sub-type. This type happens when the drainage angle in the eye gets blocked. This blockage causes a quick rise in intraocular pressure. If not treated urgently, it can lead to rapid loss of vision. Studies show that East Asians, like those from China, Vietnam, and Japan, may be more prone to this. This is due to differences in their eye structure, i.e. the anterior chamber is shallower and the overall eye itself is shorter from the front to the back. It is very important to have regular eye examinations for early detection. The disease can develop without showing symptoms until it badly affects vision. Early care can help manage the condition and protect vision long-term.

Corticosteroid Users

Corticosteroids are often used to reduce inflammation for different health issues. However, they can raise the risk of glaucoma, especially if used for a long time. People use these medicines in several forms: pills by mouth, eye drops, nasal sprays, inhalers, or through injections. For some, corticosteroids may increase IOP, leading to steroid-induced glaucoma. Those who already have the disease or have a family history of it are at a higher risk of steroid reactions.

High IOP can harm the optic nerve, which can lead to vision loss over time. It’s important for anyone using corticosteroids to have regular eye visits. These exams can help check the pressure and avoid issues. Early detection and treatment can protect against vision impairment.

• A 1997 study in the Journal of American Medical Association showed that there was a 40% increase in eye pressure issues. This was seen in adults who used a steroid inhaler to manage asthma
• Steroid injections in joints or taking oral steroids can raise intraocular pressure as well
• The over-the-counter nasal spray flonase (fluticasone) can raise your eye pressure, which could increase your risk of getting secondary glaucoma (secondary=high pressure with an identifiable cause)

People With A History Of Eye Trauma

Eye trauma can raise the chance of getting a sub-type called traumatic glaucoma. Injuries to the eye, whether from a hit, a cut, or chemicals, can harm the drainage structures of the eye. This damage can lead to higher IOP. IOP can spike right after the injury or many years later. Common causes of traumatic glaucoma include sports injuries, accidents, or past surgeries. It is important for people who have had eye injuries to go for regular examinations with an ophthalmologist. Early detection of changes in pressure or loss of the optic nerve can help prevent vision loss.

Other Risk Factors

High Myopia (Nearsightedness)

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, can increase the risk of developing glaucoma. People with myopia are more likely to get the open-angle sub-type. The shape of the eye in myopic individuals can change how the drainage system works. This change can raise eye pressure, leading to damage to the optic nerve over time. Even when the eye pressure is normal, myopic eyes can still be at increased risk for optic nerve damage. That’s why regular exams are very important for those with myopia. This ensures early detection and better management of the disease.

Hypertension

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is connected to a higher risk of the open-angle sub-type. The link between these two health issues is complicated. High blood pressure can harm the blood vessels that feed the optic nerve. This can affect how well the nerve works. It is important to manage blood pressure diet, exercise, stress management and medication (if needed). Regular check-ups of both blood pressure and eye health are very important to help prevent vision loss.

Central Corneal Thickness Less Than 0.5 mm (Thin Central Corneas)

Thin central corneal thickness (CCT) is an important risk factor, especially for the primary open-angle sub-type. The IOP is measured through the cornea. If the cornea is thin, it can lead to a lower IOP reading than what is true. A thin cornea may be a marker for less structural support adjacent to the optic nerve head. Patients with thin corneas need to be watched closely. They might have a greater chance of developing glaucoma or have a faster disease progression. Dr. Jones and Dr. Triana discovered a gene that is implicated in creating thin corneas in African-Americans while working in the Genetics Laboratory of Janey Wiggs, M.D., Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Eye & Earl Infirmary/Harvard Medical School.

What Does Glaucoma Feel Like (Symptoms of Glaucoma)?

Symptoms can be different based on the sub-type. Open-angle glaucoma usually gets worse without any noticeable pain. It often leads to gradual loss of vision or loss of visual acuity. In contrast, acute angle-closure glaucoma can appear suddenly and can be very painful. Early symptoms of this type include severe eye pain, headache, blurry vision, and nausea. People might notice tunnel vision or blind spots in their visual field. In the early stages of the narrow angle type, symptoms are usually absent. This highlights the importance of regular exams for early diagnosis.

How Is Glaucoma Detected?

At the San Antonio Eye & Face Institute, we have multiple high-tech tools for glaucoma diagnosis. We often use several tests together to detect and monitor the disease:

• Tonometry is a test that checks the intraocular pressure using numbing eye drops and a device called a tonometer
• Ophthalmoscopy involves a close look at the eye’s optic nerve with a slit lamp and magnifying lens
• Perimetry – Visual Field Test, maps the peripheral vision or side vision using virtual reality googles and software
• Gonioscopy examines the drainage angle of the eye with a mirror lens
• Pachymetry measures the thickness of the central part of the cornea
• Nerve Fiber Layer Analysis checks for damage to the nerve fiber layer, can detect disease prior to vision loss
• Pattern Electroretinography (pERG) examines the electrical activity of the retina, can disease before nerve damage or vision loss

If you are found to have risk factors, testing will be set up after your first visit. Testing can last up to one hour, so it won’t happen during your first visit. We will take color photos of your optic nerve using a special camera.

If you are found to have glaucoma, we will continue to monitor your progress based on specific guidelines. We usually conduct tests in the afternoon on the 1st and 3rd Tuesdays of month and on Friday mornings. In most cases, your testing appointments will be scheduled separate from your clinic visits. Our office functions as a testing center on the days indicated above and as a clinic at other times.

The Difference Between Vision Screening And An Eye Exam

Vision screening mainly checks how well you can see. An eye examination goes further, especially for glaucoma. It looks at eye pressure, checks the optic nerve for damage (structural damage) and looks for blind spots in your vision (functional). Getting an eye exam is crucial for early detection. This checkup can spot small signs that may show the early stages of the condition.

What Is Ocular Hypertension?

Ocular hypertension refers to a condition where the IOP is higher than normal (21 mm Hg) but without any visible signs of glaucoma, such as optic nerve damage or visual field loss. People with ocular hypertension are at an increased risk of developing glaucoma over time, particularly the primary open-angle sub-type. Regular monitoring by an eye care professional is crucial, as elevated IOP can eventually lead to damage to the optic nerve if left untreated.

Treatment for ocular hypertension may include prescription eye drops designed to lower IOP, lifestyle modifications (stopping corticosteroids), or more advanced interventions in some cases. In some cases, mild ocular hypertension may not need to be treated. Early detection and management are key to preventing progression from ocular hypertension to glaucoma.

What Is The Goal Of Laser Treatment?

Glaucoma can be treated in three ways. The first way is by using eye drops to lower the eye pressure. If the drops are reducing the pressure or if the patient has bad side effects from them or struggles to use them every day, then your doctor may suggest Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT).

For patients who do not respond to eye drops or SLT, other laser treatments can be considered. One option is micro-pulse diode cyclophotocoagulation (MP-CPC). In resistant cases, surgery may be needed to lower IOP.

The only known way to slow or stop the disease is to reduce IOP. This is why all treatments focus on lowering pressure. Currently, there is no known ways to repair or regenerate damaged optic nerves.

3 Methods To Reduce Eye Pressure

1.) Eyedrops

Using eyedrops are the most common way to treat glaucoma. These medicines help by either lowering the amount of fluid being produced in the eye or by helping it drain from the anterior chamber faster–it’s simple physics. IOP is reduced and the optic nerve is protected.

It is very important for patients to use eyedrops as their doctor recommends to keep the pressure steady. If they skip doses, the pressure can spike. This raises the risk of losing vision. Patients should also apply the drops correctly, so they work well and have fewer side effects. Attending your scheduled check-ups is important to determine if the eyedrops are working and to make changes if needed.

 

2.) Laser Surgery

Laser surgery can help fluids flow better from the eye or decrease fluid production. It can also open narrow and closed drainage angles.

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a simple and gentle way to treat open-angle disease. It uses a laser to focus on certain cells in the eye’s drain, called the trabecular meshwork. This helps improve the flow of fluid through the meshwork with leads to lower IOP. SLT is often suggested if eye drops alone do not control the pressure or if patients want to rely less on medications.

The procedure is quick and performed at the San Antonio Eye and Face Institute. Some ophthalmologists use a SLT laser at a surgery center which increases the cost of the procedure for the patient.

Most patients have little to no recovery time. SLT can lower IOP for several months or even years. Its effects may slowly wear off over time. In most cases, the procedure can be performed again.

SLT is a safe choice that offers another way to manage glaucoma without long-term medication use. It is ideal for patients looking for non-invasive treatment options.

 

YAG Laser Iridotomy

A YAG laser is used to makes a small hole in the peripheral iris. This helps the iris move away from the drainage angle. As a result, fluid can flow more easily into Schelmm’s canal (see section above).

Micro-Pulsed Diode Cyclophotocoagulation (CPC)

Micropulse Diode Cyclophotocoagulation (MP-CPC) is a newer type of laser treatment for glaucoma. It helps lower IOP by focusing on the ciliary body. The ciliary body is in charge of making fluid, which is called aqueous humor.

Unlike older methods that use a steady laser beam, MP-CPC uses quick bursts of laser. This reduces harm to nearby tissues, making it a safer choice. It is especially good for patients with severe or hard-to-treat cases.

The procedure is performed in an operating room at the American Surgery Center. Your eye is put asleep with a shot next to the eye after being giving medicine in your vein that will make you fall asleep for a few minutes. Most people recover quickly with little pain. Your eye will be patched shut overnight for this procedure. If needed, MP-CPC can be performed again. It is often chosen when other treatments like medications or SLT have not worked. It is also typically considered prior to surgery. This treatment is a flexible option that can help many patients.

3.) Incisional Surgery

Trabeculectomy

Trabeculectomy is a common surgery used to treat glaucoma. It is often done when other treatments, like medicines or laser therapy, do not lower IOP. In this surgery, a small flap is made in the sclera, which is the white part of the eye. This flap allows fluid to drain out of the eye, reducing the pressure. The fluid goes into a small space called a “bleb,” under the conjunctiva. This area helps the fluid to slowly absorb back into the bloodstream.

Trabeculectomy is very effective at lowering IOP, which helps protect the optic nerve from harm. Although it is usually safe, there are some risks like infection, bleeding, or too much lowering of IOP. Doctors will closely watch for these issues after the surgery. Regular check-ups are important to make sure the surgery works well and to take care of any problems that might arise.

Tube Shunts

Tube shunt surgery is a good option to treat glaucoma. This is especially true if other treatments do not control IOP well. In this surgery, doctors place a small, flexible tube in the eye. This tube helps drain aqueous humor, the fluid that builds up and causes increased pressure. The tube connects to a reservoir or “plate” that sits on the outside of the eye under the conjunctiva. This setup directs extra fluid away from the inside of the eye, which helps lower IOP.

Tube shunts are especially useful for people with advanced glaucoma, past surgeries, or secondary glaucoma types. While this surgery can lower IOP and help maintain vision, there are risks. These risks include infection, tube exposure, or problems with the tube. Regular follow-up care is important. Your ophthalmologist will monitor how well the implant is working over time.

Minimally-Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)

Minimally-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) includes several new options that help lower IOP. These options come with less risk and allow for quicker recovery than traditional surgeries. They are frequently performed in conjunction with cataract surgery, but some can be performed as stand-alone procedures.

Two popular choices are iStents and Hydrus stents. iStents are small devices placed in the eye’s drainage system to help fluid pass through the trabecular meshwork into Schelmm’s canal. The Hydrus stent does a similar job, but it is a larger stent that expands the drainage canal to improve fluid flow.

Another good MIGS choice is the Xen Gel Stent. This is a gelatin-based implant that opens a new path for aqueous humor to exit the eye. A bleb is created and must be maintained for the Xen Gel Stent to continue working.

Canaloplasty is a method that uses a micro-catheter or injection device to flush the eye’s natural drainage canal to help fluid flow better.

Goniotomy involves making a small cut in the eye’s drainage angle. This helps remove blocked tissue and promotes better fluid drainage. Each of these techniques aims to lower pressure significantly while maintaining the eye’s natural structures. This way, patients receive a less invasive alternative to standard surgeries.

Currently, there is no way to fix or undo the harm that glaucoma does to the optic nerve. Glaucoma causes steady and permanent damage to the nerve fibers. This leads to vision loss. Treatments aim to control the disease by lowering IOP to stop more damage. But once the nerve fibers are harmed, they can’t grow back.

Researchers are looking into new methods, like stem cell therapy and other protective treatments. These approaches aim to protect nerve function and may restore lost vision someday. But at this time, they are still being tested in laboratory environments and aren’t ready for primetime. For now, detecting glaucoma early and managing it well is the way it’s treated. This helps to keep any remaining vision and prevent more loss.

Can Glaucoma Be Cured?

Glaucoma cannot be cured. The goal of treatment is to slow down the disease. This helps to prevent further vision loss and damage to the optic nerve. Early detection and proper care are very important for handling glaucoma. You need regular exams to check your eye pressure and find any signs of disease progression. While treatments can help to manage the condition, it is a life-long disease. It needs ongoing care to maintain your vision and avoid complications. In summary, there is still no cure for glaucoma, even with the best treatments.

What Are The Risks Of Glaucoma Surgery?

The most common complications are listed below. However, it is not possible to list every possible complication:

• Pain
• Infection
• Bleeding
• Loss of vision
• Loss of the eye
• Surgery not reducing eye pressure
• Need for more surgery
• Double vision
• Need for glasses or contacts
• Droopy eyelid
• Death

At the San Antonio Eye and Face Institute, we make every effort to avoid complications. If a problem does occur, we take actions to handle it. Our goal is to get the best results possible. Like any medical procedure, we cannot guarantee a specific outcome in any case.

If you have questions about your surgery, feel free to ask. We are here to help you. We want to give you the best care possible.

Glaucoma Prevention

Glaucoma prevention means getting regular eye examinations. These exams can help find the early stages of the disease. It is important to monitor eye pressure, especially if you have a relatives with glaucoma. Managing high blood pressure and other conditions can lower the risk of high eye pressure. By maintaining good eye health and quickly addressing any eye problems, you can help prevent vision loss caused by the disease.

Can Yoga Have Negative Effects On The Eyes?

Yoga is known for being good for both the body and mind, but it needs to be done carefully. Some yoga poses that require you to be upside down or bend your head down can raise IOP. This could make glaucoma worse or make treating the disease more difficult. On the other hand, gentle stretching and breathing exercises can be good for your overall health. They can reduce stress, which may help eye health and manage ongoing issues. It’s very important for people with glaucoma to talk to their eye doctor before they start yoga. They should focus on poses that keep their head level. A good yoga instructor should understands the health needs of their clients and should make sure everyone stays safe.

Dr. Jones was the first person in the world to identify the threat yoga posed for patients with glaucoma. He presented his findings at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) in 2004, an international meeting.

Nutritional Supplements For Glaucoma

Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) is a type of vitamin B3. It has become popular as an anti-aging supplement and as a supplement for people with glaucoma. NR helps with cell energy production and function of mitochondria. Studies show that NR might protect retinal ganglion cells from damage. Glaucoma causes a slow loss of retinal ganglion cells.

NR increases levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ is important for fixing cells and helping them make energy. This could make optic nerve cells stronger during stress. Early studies show good signs, but we need more research. Patients should talk to their eye care provider before adding NR or any other supplements to their glaucoma treatment plan.

 

Tips For Living With Glaucoma In San Antonio

Living with glaucoma can be tough, but you can keep it under control with the right care. Regular eye visits are very important for monitoring your condition. Make sure to take your prescribed medication to manage eye pressure. To protect your eyes from harm, wear safety glasses when you need to. A healthy lifestyle helps too. Exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet to improve your overall eye health. Stay updated on new developments in glaucoma treatment.

How Can I Help A Parent With Glaucoma?

Supporting a parent with glaucoma means knowing about their condition. You can help them with daily tasks if necessary and encourage them to go to their appointments. It helps to encourage them to be consistent with their treatment plan and offer emotional support. A safe home can greatly improve their quality of life. Learn more about the disease and consider going with them to medical appointments. Be aware of any vision issues they might have. It’s important to communicate well and show compassion to help your parent feel supported.

What Questions Should I Ask My Doctor?

• What are the treatment choices for my disease?
• How will you check if my condition is getting worse?
• I run out of drops early. What can I do?
• Can you tell me about the possible side effects of the suggested treatment?
• Do I need to make any lifestyle changes or take special precautions?
• Can I do aerobic exercise and lift weights?
• Are there safe holistic treatments besides the standard treatments?
• Does marijuana or CBD play a role in treatment?

Are There Famous People With Glaucoma?

Yes, many well-known people have talked about their experiences with the disease. They help raise awareness about the condition.

Some of these individuals include:

• Ronnie Lee: A former baseball player and coach, he talks about his experience with the disease. He stresses the need for regular eye check-ups.
• Desmond Tutu: A famous Anglican bishop and activist from South Africa, he had glaucoma. He used his voice to promote eye health and awareness.
• Maxine Waters: A U.S. Congresswoman from California, she has shared her struggles with glaucoma. She wants people to understand the importance of regular eye appointments.

Public figures have helped more people learn about glaucoma. They encourage others to take care of their eye health. They also inspire people to get checked early.

Difference Between A Glaucoma Fellowship-Trained Ophthalmologist and An Optometric Glaucoma Specialist

A glaucoma fellowship-trained ophthalmologist and an optometric glaucoma specialist both help manage glaucoma, but their training is different. A glaucoma fellowship-trained ophthalmologist finishes a full residency in ophthalmology. After that, they complete a specialized fellowship that is just about glaucoma. This extra training gives them advanced skills to diagnose and treat difficult glaucoma cases. They can perform surgeries like Xen Gel Stents or Tube Shunts. These doctors handle severe and complex cases and offer many treatment options. They often do complex procedures that go beyond regular care.

An optometric glaucoma specialist is an optometrist. They have extra training to diagnose and treat glaucoma. Even though they do not do surgery, they are good at checking the condition. They can give medications and manage treatment plans.

They often work with ophthalmologists to provide complete care. This is especially true for simple cases or for patients who have already had surgery. Optometric glaucoma specialists are very important for early detection of glaucoma. They help to monitor the condition.

When to Call the Doctor

If you feel severe eye pain, lose vision suddenly, or see blind spots, you need to get medical help right away. These can be signs of acute angle-closure glaucoma. This is a medical emergency that needs quick treatment to avoid permanent vision loss. If you have a family members with glaucoma or are at a higher risk for other reasons, regular eye examinations and early detection are very important. Don’t wait to contact your eye doctor if you see any worrying signs that affect your eye health.

Glaucoma Information in Spanish

Watch Videos About Glaucoma